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Goal. The aim of this paper is to determine the attitudes and opinions of the members of the Pensioners' Club of the city of Osijek after the education was carried out with the aim of training them in information and communication skills. Methodology. The paper presents the results of the research conducted through interviews and focus groups among retirees, the members of the Osijek Retirees' Club. The research examined the attitudes and opinions of 10 pensioners on the topic of education in terms of information and communication technologies during March 2022 using the interview method. After the interviews, the attitudes and opinions of the retirees related to the use of technology were examined in a focus group (1) in which 9 retirees participated (some of whom attended the education, some of whom did not). Finally, a focus group (2) in which 4 retirees participated examined their attitudes and opinions about virtual reality. The respondents wore VR glasses and observed the history of Osijek in the period from 1920 to 2020 by decades. More specifically, they observed how objects, houses, newspapers, furniture and similar things covered in the mentioned period looked. The paper presents the attitudes and opinions of the participants of the workshops, and is a continuation of the previous research, conducted before this training (Jakopec, Selthofer and Hocenski, 2022). Results. The results of the conducted interviews and focus groups indicate that the majority of retirees share the desire for learning and acquiring additional IT knowledge. They own at least one device (mostly a desktop computer or a smartphone) through which they visit social networks, search for necessary information and read the daily news. The respondents who participated in the research believe that they need more similar workshops in order to establish and expand their existing knowledge. After the workshops, the pensioners stated that they are fully aware of the advantages that IT knowledge brings them, and they relate this knowledge to the use of technology during the COVID-19 pandemic, when physically going to certain places (for example, to the doctor) was not possible. The results of the second focus group in which 3D reality was observed using VR glasses have shown that the respondents were not previously familiar with the concepts of virtual reality. According to the participants, the workshop lasted too short, they felt disoriented, and the glasses did not impress them too much. They also pointed out that they wore them for too short a time to highlight something as an advantage, they did not remember much of the presented content, but they found it interesting. Most of them stated that they would like to repeat the experience, but with better instructions and extended time of wearing glasses. Limitations. The research sample is limited to a specific subgroup of the retired members of the Club, and is therefore not representative of the entire population of retired people in the city of Osijek and in the Republic of Croatia. Value. The results of the research indicate the attitudes and opinions of people of the third age towards education in the field of information and communication technologies and virtual reality. The results of the research contribute to the implementation of the "Active pension” project. © 2023, Hrvatsko Knjiznicarsko Drustvo. All rights reserved.
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This study aimed to find out the level of stress and coping methods among elderly in Sulaimanya city during the pandemic COVID-19. Through the snowballing sampling method, 394 elders were included to this study. After validation, two scales were used in this study;stress subscale from Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and a culture-bound scale for determining coping methods. The results of this study showed that participants experienced a mild level of stress. Male participants, elders who live with their family, unvaccinated elders, physically passive elders have had higher stress level than female, elderly home, vaccinated, physical active elders. The findings also indicated that spiritual connection was the most common coping method used by the sample. Results of this study are the first and foremost way to share elder's unexpressed messages;it also can be a way for verbalizing their unspoken feelings. These results may also inform the elder's caregivers that elder's stress level and illness anxiety was not very high, strengthening their social support and spiritual connection may help them to reduce their distress into a lesser degree.
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Background: The severity of COVID-19 infection has an increasing trend in the elderly, which contributes to the high morbidity and mortality rates in this population. Aging itself is a prominent risk factor for severe disease and death from COVID-19. Case Description: This case report a 71-year-old woman who complained of shortness of breath for 3 days before being admitted to the hospital. Bilateral consolidation and increased bronchovascular pattern were found on chest radiograph, and a positive SARS-COV2 nasopharyngeal swab PCR test result was noted. This patient was diagnosed with confirmed severe manifestation of COVID-19, community-acquired pneumonia and type 1 respiratory failure, as well as type II diabetes mellitus and suspicion of acute gastritis. The results of the geriatric status assessment were moderate functional status, risk of malnutrition, and moderate risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). This patient underwent treatment in accordance with the COVID-19 protocol along with management for geriatric status improvement. The patient was given permission to return home after 14 days of treatment, during which time her health had improved and her functional status had changed to moderate dependency. During follow-up, the patient continued to receive therapy. She is still being observed and future evaluations will be conducted. Conclusion: The increased susceptibility of the elderly to COVID-19 infection is caused by various factors. A burden of death and long-term disability brought on by this pandemic may be lessened by new or modified therapies that target aging-associated mechanisms. Therefore, COVID-19 case management in this population should be done with a comprehensive approach.
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Background: This study investigated the association of frequency of going out with physical activity, low back pain, and loneliness among urban Japanese community-dwelling older adults affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited older adults aged 65 and over residing in apartment buildings in an urban area of Japan as participants. The questionnaire comprised items on participants' frequency of going out, musculoskeletal pain, physical activity, mobility, loneliness, and sociodemographic characteristics. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the associations of decreased frequency of going out (less than once a week) during the pandemic with musculoskeletal pain, physical activity, and loneliness after controlling for age, sex, living alone, comorbidity, and social activity as confounding factors. Results: This study analyzed 236 older adults (mean age: 75.5 years;females 54.2%) whowent out more than two to three days a week before the pandemic. Participants who went out less than once a week during the pandemic (14%) had more arthritis than those who went out more. They also had a higher prevalence of reduced physical activity, low back pain, gait disability, and loneliness. Additionally, decreased frequency of going out was associated with lower physical activity [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 3.91, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.78-8.61], low back pain (OR = 2.79, 95% CI: 1.08-7.24), and loneliness (OR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.14-1.98). Conclusions: This study indicated that reduced physical activity, loneliness, and low back pain are associated with a decreased frequency of going out during the pandemic among older adults.
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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the mental health of older people. One concern is the exposure to a lot of pandemic-related information without any evidence-based background through the media and social networks. This study aimed to examine the effect of exposure to such information on the mental health of older people. Methods: The study is a cross-sectional correlational study. Sampling was focused on selecting older people through a systematic sample according to a random starting point and with a fixed, periodic interval, between late 2020 and early 2021, with a total of 200 participants age above 60 considered as older people. Results: We found that a significant percentage of older people had a high level of clinical symptoms/distress, according to the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) scales. These results show that being exposed COVID-19 information from the media during the pandemic is a risk predictor for mental health/distress, GHQ-28 scores, (OR ExpB = 2.11, p =0.001). Similar results were found for Media Info (OR ExpB = 1.37, p =0.008). For each point increase in media information, the risk for general mental health problems increases 1.37 times. Conclusion: Through the results it was clear that older people are at risk of mental health problems, and being exposed to the infodemic increased this risk significantly, as well as being exposed to media where elevated risk of death from SARS-CoV-2 for older people was reported.
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Deaths from COVID-19 are increasing in patients with comorbidities. One of the most common comorbidities is diabetes mellitus. The researchers wanted to see how having diabetes affected the mortality rate of COVID-19 participants. This investigation is a case control observational analytical study. Different types of people, called "cases", and "controls", complete the research sample. Each group had 68 responders, for a grand total of 136. Medical records from COVID-19 patients treated at Airlangga University Hospital, Surabaya, between March 2020 and September 2021 serve as the study's secondary data source. The purpose of this study's data analysis is to calculate an odds ratio. Patients with COVID-19 with concomitant diabetes mellitus had an increased risk of death, and this risk increased with age, gender, and COVID-19 symptoms. In contrast, education, occupation, and laboratory results were not significantly related to mortality among COVID-19 individuals with concomitant diabetes mellitus (GDA status). The results of this study show that COVID-19 patients with concomitant diabetes mellitus are at a higher risk of death if they are over the age of 65, if they are male, and if they have severe symptoms.
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The world is facing a serious viral infection caused by the new Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2. We aimed to evaluate and map the high-risk clusters of COVID-19 in the State of Alagoas, a touristic area in northeastern Brazil, after two years of pandemic by a population-based ecological study, using COVID-19 cases reported in the State of Alagoas, between March, 2020 and April, 2022. We performed a descriptive and statistical analysis of epidemiological data. We then map high-risk areas for COVID-19, using spatial analysis, considering the incidence rate by municipality. 297,972 positive cases were registered;56.9% were female and 42.7% aged between 20 and 39 years old. Men (OR = 1.59) and older than 60 years old (OR = 29.64) had a higher risk of death, while the highest incidence rates of the disease occurred in the metropolitan region. Our data demonstrate the impact of COVID-19 in the State of Alagoas, through the two years of pandemic. Although the number of cases were greater among women and young adults, the chance of death was greater among men and older adults. High-risk clusters of the disease initially occur in metropolitan cities and tourist areas.
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COVID-19 is a major global health threat, with millions of confirmed cases and deaths worldwide. Containment and mitigation strategies, including vaccination, have been implemented to reduce transmission and protect the population. We conducted two systematic reviews to collect nonrandomized studies investigating the effects of vaccination on COVID-19-related complications and deaths in the Italian population. We considered studies conducted in Italian settings and written in English that contained data on the effects of vaccination on COVID-19-related mortality and complications. We excluded studies that pertained to the pediatric population. In total, we included 10 unique studies in our two systematic reviews. The results showed that fully vaccinated individuals had a lower risk of death, severe symptoms, and hospitalization compared to unvaccinated individuals. The review also looked at the impact of vaccination on post-COVID-19 syndrome, the effectiveness of booster doses in older individuals, and nationwide adverse events. Our work highlights the crucial role that vaccination campaigns have played in reducing the burden of COVID-19 disease in the Italian adult population, positively impacting the pandemic trajectory in Italy.
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Objective: To analyze the epidemic characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases aged 60 years or older during the outbreak epidemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant in Sanya City, Hainan Province, August-September 2022, and to provide scientific and effective basis for formulating strategies for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 in the elderly in the future. Methods: The data of 1 785 COVID-19 cases aged 60 years reported from August 1 to September 8, 2022 in Sanya City, and 537 local COVID-19 inpatients aged 60 years treated in Sanya Central Hospital were collected and analyzed using WPS Office 2018 software for data cleaning, database assistance, and drawing, and SPSS 22.0 software was used to statistically describe and analyze the counting data. Results: A total of 1 785 local COVID-19 cases aged 60 years were reported in China's Disease Prevention and Control Information System, including 1 509 confirmed cases (84.54%) and 276 asymptomatic cases (15.46%). Of the confirmed cases, 1 448 were mild cases (95.96%), 40 were common cases (2.65%), 10 were severe cases (0.66%), and 11 were critical cases (0.73%), and no deaths were reported. The ratio of male to female was 0.88:1. The youngest was 60 years old, the oldest age was 107 years old, with a median age of 67 years old. Most of them (1 559 cases, 87.34%) were non-social employed personnel. Among them, 952 (53.33%) were from Tianya District and 733 (41.06%) from Jiyang District. Among the 537 COVID-19 elderly infected patients hospitalized in Sanya Central Hospital, infected patients with underlying diseases accounted for 287 (53.45%) cases of hypertension, diabetes and other types of basic diseases (chronic kidney disease, hyperlipidemia, chronic gastritis, gastric ulcer, etc.), and there were serious infections. Conclusions: Most of the elderly infected with Omicron variants were mild cases with few symptoms, but the elderly infected with Omicron variants were difficult to recover or even worsen the condition due to old age and underlying diseases. Therefore, by analyzing the various aspects of elderly infected cases, scientific and effective basis can be provided to prevent and control the epidemic situation in the future, and reduce the occurrence of severe, critical and death cases of COVID-19 in the elderly.
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Companion bots such as chatbots in cyberspace or robots in real space gained popularity during the COVID-19 pandemic as a means of comforting humans and reducing their loneliness. These bots can also help enhance the lives of elderly people. In this paper, we present how to design and implement a quick prototype of companion bots for elderly people. A companion bot named "Hello Steve"that is able to send emails, open YouTube to provide entertainment, and remember the times an elderly person must take medicine and remind them is designed and implemented as a quick prototype. In addition, the bot combines the features of a mobile robot and a chatbot. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the design through its very high accuracy when navigating mobile-robot-like tasks and responding to chatbot-like tasks via voice commands. © 2023 MYU K.K.
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Vaccination recommendations for the prevention of herpes zoster (HZ) aim to reactivate specific cell-mediated immunity towards the varicella/zoster virus. This specific immunity naturally declines with age but there are many factors that can accelerate this decline, including, most recently, the immune response induced by SARS-CoV-2. Two vaccines are available to date. A live attenuated vaccine (Zostavax®) licensed in 2006 and more recently a recombinant vaccine (Shingrix®). We present data on the efficacy of these two vaccines as well as on the relevant precautions and safety of use. © 2023 Elsevier Masson SAS Les recommandations vaccinales en matière de prévention du zona ont pour objectif de réactiver l'immunité à médiation cellulaire spécifique contre le virus varicelle-zona. Cette immunité spécifique décline naturellement avec l'âge mais nombreux sont les facteurs qui peuvent accélérer ce déclin dont récemment la réponse immunitaire induite par le SARS-CoV-2. Deux vaccins sont disponibles à ce jour : un vaccin vivant atténué (Zostavax®) homologué en 2006 et plus récemment un vaccin recombinant (Shingrix®). Nous présentons des données d'efficacité de ces deux vaccins ainsi que celles concernant leurs précautions d'emploi et la sécurité de leur utilisation. © 2023 Elsevier Masson SAS
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Objective: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a newly emerging infectious disease that has become a global pandemic. This study aimed to identify the risk factors at presentation to predict intensive care unit (ICU) admissions. Materials & Methods: This retrospective observational study recruited 188 confirmed laboratory COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized in Jidhafs Maternity Hospital (JMH) from 1st June to 5th July 2020. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to Explore risk factors associated with the increased risk of ICU admission. Results: The study revealed that older age (>60 years old) (16[38.1%], P=0.044), male gender (30 [40.0%], P=0.000) were significantly associated with the increased risk of ICU admissions. The most prevalent symptoms in admission were myalgia (13[40.6%], P=0.035), fever (39[34.2%], P=0.002) and cough (37[31.4%], P=0.032). In addition, raised serum level of alanine amino-transferase (ALAT) (34.7% vs. 20.7%, P=0.033), D-dimers (30.7% vs 12.2%, P=0.012), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (31.6% vs 0.0%, P=0.025) and ferritin (37.7% vs 16.7%, P=0.011) found to be important predictor of ICU admission. Conclusion: The finding indicates that older age, male gender, with increased alanine transferase (ALT), increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), high D-dimer and high ferritin was associated with an increased risk of ICU admissions. Identification of such factors will help to detect people who are more likely to develop severe COVID-19 disease and will help physicians to determine if patients need regular health care or ICU admission.
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Introduction: Coronavirus infection is a disease that causes respiratory failure and complications in certain groups of people, leading to death. The factors associated with the severe course of COVID-19 have been fairly well studied by now;at the present stage, it is necessary to search for and study them in separate groups of people that differ in age, gender, ethnicity, the presence of background diseases, etc. to develop more personalized approaches to severe disease prevention. Background: To conduct a comparative analysis of the factors associated with the severe course of COVID-19 in people under and over 60 years of age and evaluate their prognostic significance in combination of factors. Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis of the clinical and laboratory parameters of 812 COVID-19 patients was carried out. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with the development of severe COVID-19. ROC analysis was performed to assess the prognostic significance of the set of identified statistically significant factors in the development of a severe course of COVID-19. Results: Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that patients under 60 diabetes mellitus (OR=2,561, p=0,048), lymphopenia (OR=2,133, p=0,030), and pneumonia at admission (OR=2,556, p=0,011), rapid breathing (OR=3,497, p=0,001), low saturation (OR=4,076, p=0,006) were significantly associated with the development of severe COVID-19. At the same time, in patients older than 60 years, the presence of diabetes mellitus (OR=1,899, p=0,029), rapid breathing (OR=2,338, p=0,007) and low saturation (OR=4,248, p < 0,0001) were significantly associated with the development of a severe course of COVID-19. In groups under 60 and over 60 years of age, the prognostic value of the combination of all statistically significant factors corresponding to the groups was equal to the average level (AUC=0,760 and AUC=0,709, respectively) Conclusion: Factors associated with the development of a severe course of COVID-19 in elderly and middle-aged people have some differences related to the pathogenesis of the disease. For individuals under 60 years of age, factors associated with severe COVID-19 are diabetes mellitus, the presence of pneumonia on admission, dyspnea, low oxygen saturation, and lymphopenia. For individuals over 60 years of age, factors associated with severe COVID-19 are the presence of diabetes mellitus, shortness of breath, and low saturation. The combination of all the studied factors significantly increases the risk of developing a severe course of COVID-19 in both age groups.
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Introduction: Coronavirus infection (COVID-19), first reported at the end of 2019, which has spilled over into a worldwide pandemic and has affected all aspects of our modern lives. The aim is to study and analyze the epidemiological features of COVID-19 in the Pavlodar region. Materials and methods: Study design is a descriptive retrospective study analysis. The data were obtained from official sources of the Republican Center for e-Health of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The study includes patients from June 30, 2020 to October 31, 2021 who received outpatient and inpatient treatment for coronavirus infection in medical institutions of the Pavlodar region. Study materials - uploading reports from the Republican Center for e-Health of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Results: This article presents epidemiological data on the incidence of coronavirus infection in the population of Pavlodar region. The number of detected cases of COVID-19 from June 30, 2020 to October 31, 2021 was 29,443. Distribution of patients by sex predominated women - 17,831 (60.56%), than men - 11,612 (39.44%). The majority of cases were in the age group from 61 to 70 years old, with a male to female ratio of 1:1.54. Statistical significance was found between duration of stay and type of inpatient care (p < 0.001, VS-MPR*=2.135 x 10+22). Conclusion: The study showed that the number of women who fell ill prevailed over the number of men who fell ill, although the number of deaths among men prevailed over the number of deaths among women. In the study, there was no significant difference in the duration of stay for men and women in home care, compared to patients under 24-hour observation.
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ObjectiveTo assess the effects of countermeasures against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Shanghai from March to May 2022 in comparison with epidemiological trend of COVID-19 in New York City. MethodsDaily confirmed cases, asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers, and daily deaths were obtained in the Shanghai Municipal Health Commission and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) of the United States. Descriptive study was conducted by using these data. ResultsFrom March 1 to May 17, the number of daily asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections in Shanghai was up to 58 times as large as that of daily confirmed cases;however, the number of daily confirmed cases in Shanghai was generally less than that in New York in the same time period. At the peak of the COVID-19 epidemic, the growth of daily attack rate in Shanghai was significantly lower than that in New York (P < 0.05). Moreover, the number of daily death was evidently less than that in New York. In addition, the vaccination rate in the elderly (aged 60 years) in Shanghai was evidently lower than that in New York (aged 65 years). ConclusionThe COVID-19 epidemics in Shanghai from March to May 2022 and in New York after December 2021 were both caused by the Omicron variant. Compared with the Delta variant, the Omicron variant has stronger replication ability and infectivity, resulting in challenges to the containment of the epidemic in metropolis such as Shanghai and New York City. The epidemic in New York City remained crucial due to absence of effective countermeasures, while that in Shanghai has been effectively contained with strict countermeasures. The prevention and control strategies may be adjusted along with the continual evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and increasing trend of imported COVID-19 cases.
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The Covid-19 pandemic disturbed the smooth functioning of healthcare services throughout the world. New practices such as masking, social distancing and so on were followed to prevent the spread. Further, the severity of the problem increases for the elderly people and people having co-morbidities as proper medical care was not possible and as a result many deaths were recorded. Even for those patients who recovered from Covid could not get proper health monitoring in the Post-Covid phase as a result many deaths and severity in health conditions were reported after the Covid recovery i.e., the Post-Covid era. Technical interventions like the Internet of Things (IoT) based remote patient monitoring using Medical Internet of Things (M-IoT) wearables is one of the solutions that could help in the Post-Covid scenarios. The paper discusses a proposed framework where in a variety of IoT sensing devices along with ML algorithms are used for patient monitoring by utilizing aggregated data acquired from the registered Post-Covid patients. Thus, by using M-IoT along with Machine Learning (ML) approaches could help us in monitoring Post-Covid patients with co-morbidities for and immediate medical help. © 2023 SCPE.
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In this paper we compared brand-specific COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) during August 2021 in persons born 1962-1971 and vaccinated during June. For SARS-CoV-2 symptomatic infection, protection was lower for Janssen (56%;CI95%: 53-59) or AstraZeneca [Vaxzevria] (68%;CI95%: 65-70), compared to Pfizer-BioNTech [Comirnaty] (78%;CI95%: 77-78), AstraZeneca/Pfizer (86%;CI95%: 80-90) or Moderna [Spikevax] (89%;CI95%: 88-90). VE against hospitalization was ranged 86% for Janssen to 97%-98% for other vaccines.
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We compared brand-specific vaccine effectiveness during August 2021 in people born between 1962 and 1971, vaccinated during June. For symptomatic infection, protection was lower for Janssen (56%;53-59) or Astra Zeneca (68%;65-70), compared to Pfizer (78%;77- 78), AZ/Pfizer (86%;80-90) or Moderna (89%;88-90). VE against hospitalization ranged 86% for Janssen to 97-98% for other vaccines.
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Résumé Les recommandations vaccinales en matière de prévention du zona ont pour objectif de réactiver l'immunité à médiation cellulaire spécifique contre le virus varicelle-zona. Cette immunité spécifique décline naturellement avec l'âge mais nombreux sont les facteurs qui peuvent accélérer ce déclin dont récemment la réponse immunitaire induite par le SARS-CoV-2. Deux vaccins sont disponibles à ce jour : un vaccin vivant atténué (Zostavax®) homologué en 2006 et plus récemment un vaccin recombinant (Shingrix®). Nous présentons des données d'efficacité de ces deux vaccins ainsi que celles concernant leurs précautions d'emploi et la sécurité de leur utilisation. Summary Vaccination recommendations for the prevention of herpes zoster (HZ) aim to reactivate specific cell-mediated immunity towards the varicella/zoster virus. This specific immunity naturally declines with age but there are many factors that can accelerate this decline, including, most recently, the immune response induced by SARS-CoV-2. Two vaccines are available to date. A live attenuated vaccine (Zostavax®) licensed in 2006 and more recently a recombinant vaccine (Shingrix®). We present data on the efficacy of these two vaccines as well as on the relevant precautions and safety of use.
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The article is devoted to the global problems of modern medicine - HIV infection and the COVID-19 pandemic. The review of the literature highlights current ideas about the pathogenesis and course of COVID-19 in patients with HIV infection, and also touches upon the problems of concomitant pathology and mental health of patients with HIV in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic. It has been shown that HIV-positive patients are a risk group for the severe course of COVID-19, in particular, individuals with severe immunodeficiency (CD4+ T lymphocytes 200 cells/l) due to the development of synergetic lung damage by SARS-CoV-2 and secondary infectious agents such as cytomegalovirus and Pneumocystis carinii. It has been proven that one of the targets of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is CD4+ T cells, which in COVID-19 leads to a more rapid progression of immunodeficiency in patients with HIV infection and, thus, significantly increases the risk of secondary diseases and death. Particular attention should be paid to middle-aged and elderly people living with HIV, who, compared with HIV-negative patients, are more likely to have concomitant pathology - arterial hypertension, cardiomyopathy and diabetes mellitus, which are the risk factors for severe COVID-19. The results of studies on the effect of antiretroviral drugs on the course of COVID-19 showed that HIV-infected patients receiving tenofovir + emtricitabine have a lower risk of severe COVID-19 and associated hospitalization than patients receiving other HIV treatment regimens. Clinical and preclinical data support the potential use of tenofovir in the treatment of novel coronavirus infection.